2. Decentralization Needs and Hardware Bottlenecks

The concept of decentralized networks (such as blockchain and decentralized physical infrastructure network DePIN) has been proposed as a potential solution to these problems. However, the architectural differences between current terminal devices and traditional centralized networks lead to technological incompatibility between the two. Decentralized networks require each terminal device to operate independently and interconnect with other devices on a peer-to-peer basis, rather than relying on centralized servers. Although the computing power of smartphones and IoT devices continues to improve, they still face limitations in processing complex decentralized network tasks in terms of computing power, bandwidth, and battery life.